ORAL CONTRACEPTIVES AND TOBACCO USE

Women who smoke and use oral contraceptives, particularly after age of 35, are placing themselves at a much greater risk of experiencing a fatal cardiovascular accident (heart attack, stroke, or embolism) than oral contraceptive users who do not smoke.  This risk of cardiovascular complications...

SMOKING AND REPRODUCTION

In all of its dimensions, the reproductive process is impaired by the use of tobacco, particularly cigarette smoking.  Problems can be found in association with infertility, problem pregnancy, breastfeeding, and the health of the newborn.  So broadly based are reproductive problems and...

ILLNESS, PREMATURE DEATH, AND TOBACCO USE

For people who begin tobacco use as adolescents or young adults, smoke heavily, and continue to smoke, the likelihood of premature death is virtually ensured.  Two-pack-a-day cigarette smokers can expect to die 7 to 8 years earlier than their nonsmoking counterparts.  (only nonsmoking-related deaths than can afflict smokers and nonsmokers alike keep the difference at this level rather...